The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004.
"for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system"
Richard Axel and Linda B. Buck won the Nobel Prize for discovering olfactory receptor genes. They showed that mice have about 1000 different olfactory receptor genes, each one encoding a different receptor.
You can watch a video recording of the acceptance speeches or read them as PDF documents [
Axel Lecture][
Buck Lecture].
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